Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict

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Lukes, Steven (2007). "Power and the Battle For Hearts and Minds: On the Bluntness of Soft Power," in Berenskoetter, Felix and M.J. Williams, eds. (2007), Power in World Politics, Routledge. Economic warfare on the silver screen". FRANCE 24. 28 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012 . Retrieved 2012-01-28. This visit is a celebration of the ties of friendship and family that bind our peoples. I first felt it when I was 6 years old when my mother took me to Japan. I felt it growing up in Hawaii, like communities across our country, home to so many proud Japanese Americans... Today is also a chance for Americans, especially our young people, to say thank you for all the things we love from Japan. Like karate and karaoke. Manga and anime. And, of course, emojis. [73]

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Softly does it". The Economist. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 July 2015. As a concept, it can be difficult to distinguish soft power from hard power. For example, Janice Bially Mattern argues that George W. Bush's use of the phrase "you are either with us or with the terrorists" was in fact an exercise of hard power. Though military and economic force was not used to pressure other states to join its coalition, a kind of force – representational force – was used. This kind of force threatens the identity of its partners, forcing them to comply or risk being labeled as evil. This being the case, soft power is therefore not so soft. [15] for example, Ayatollah Khamenei, “The U.S. Opposes Anything that Will Make Iran Powerful,” October 4, 2018, http://english.khamenei.ir/ news/5991/The-U-S-opposes-anything-that-will-make-Iran-powerful. Faiola, Anthony (August 31, 2006). "Japanese Women Catch the 'Korean Wave' ". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 21, 2011 . Retrieved May 7, 2010.Copy Courmont, B. (2016). L’ère des « soft wars » : l’exemple Washington-Beijing. Revue internationale et stratégique, 104, 6-16. https://doi.org/10.3917/ris.104.0006 The authors give special thanks to Ali Nader, Brian Katz, and Jon Alterman for their review of the document and constructive comments, as well as Jacob Ware and Nicholas Harrington for their assistance in collecting and analyzing data. The best offense against Iran and its authoritarian regime may not be just using military, financial, or diplomatic instruments—but soft power. Gerhard Schröder: 'Germany Can Only Lead Europe the Way Porcupines Mate' ". Der Spiegel. Spiegel Online International. 1 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015 . Retrieved 30 July 2015.

Soft War with Iran - CSIS The United States’ Soft War with Iran - CSIS

Korea to turn hallyu into industry". The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 February 2013. To prevent anti-Korean sentiment, the government will offer incentives for production companies or broadcasters planning to jointly produce movies or dramas with Chinese companies. Successes of U.S. and Western Soft Power: Iranian leaders have expressed alarm that the Iranian population is increasingly attracted to Western culture and political values. Iranian leaders have long been concerned about "Westoxification" (or gharbzadegi), including the loss of Iranian culture to Western arts and education, and remain concerned today about Western soft power. As Ayatollah Khamenei lamented, “The issue of engineering information and the new means of mass communication that have entered the arena are all tools for dominating the culture of a country . . . The same is true of the internet, of cyberspace, and of information services and tools. These things cannot be in the hands of the enemy. Yet, today they are in his hands. Today, [the media networks] are tools and instruments for cultural infiltration. Today, they are the enemy’s tools for cultural domination.” 73 Iranian leaders have regularly remarked that they are engaged in soft war, or jang-e narm, with the West—especially the United States. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting McGray, Douglas (1 May 2002). "Japan's Gross National Cool". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012 . Retrieved 11 September 2012. CSIS Briefs are produced by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a private, tax-exempt institution focusing on international public policy issues. Its research is nonpartisan and nonproprietary. CSIS does not take specific policy positions. Accordingly, all views, positions, and conclusions expressed in this publication should be understood to be solely those of the author(s).The report makes three main arguments. First, Iran is explicitly engaged in a “soft war,” or jang-e narm, with the West—especially the United States. 1 As former Iranian intelligence chief Heidar Moslehi remarked, “We do not have a physical war with the enemy, but we are engaged in heavy information warfare with the enemy.” 2 Second, Iran uses both formal and informal instruments to wage jang-e narm. Examples range from official television broadcasting through organizations like the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting to informal cultural centers. Third, Iran has weaknesses and vulnerabilities that stem, in part, from its authoritarian system and self-perception as the vanguard of Shia Islam, which have undermined the legitimacy of its message and created inefficiency and corruption. The United States’ greatest strengths—its support of democratic principles, open markets, and free press—are Iran’s most significant weaknesses. Iran’s authoritarian political system and attempt to control access to information make it vulnerable to a U.S. and Western information campaign. But U.S. efforts to ideologically compete with Iran have been ad hoc and poorly funded. The United States and other Western governments need to step up efforts to compete with Iran through soft power, not just focus on military, financial, and diplomatic means. Mattern, Janice Bially (2006). "Why Soft Power Isn't So Soft," in Berenskoetter & Williams (see under "Lukes") K-wave: How fans are supporting their favorite idols". BBC News. 2021-06-19. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05 . Retrieved 2021-10-05. Asia and more recently China have been working to use the potential soft power assets that are present in the admiration of their ancient cultures, arts, fashion and cuisine. [45] China is presenting itself as a defender of national sovereignty, [46] which became an issue after the NATO air campaign to oust Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and NATO's support of the rebels in Libya. [47] The Chinese are also competing with the United States to gain influence throughout the South Pacific, however some commentators have said their recent assertiveness in this region has created an appeal for nations in this region to align with the United States thus increasing U.S. soft power in this area. [48] soft power". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) - "S. Boonyapratuang Mil. Control in S.E. Asia iii. 72 Musjawarah (decision by discussion) and 'soft power' became the stances of his control."

Soft War” Interpreting “Soft War”

Chitty, Naren, Lilian Ji, and Gary Rawnsley, eds. (2023). The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power 2nd Edition, NY: Routledge. Rahimi, “Censorship and the Islamic Republic: Two Modes of Regulatory Measures for Media in Iran,” The Middle East Journal 69, no. 3 (Summer 2015): 375.

Roussel, Frédérique (2006-02-23). "Thierry Breton, intelligence artificielle"[Thierry Breton, artificial intelligence]. Libération.fr (in French). Libération . Retrieved 2019-10-19. Saikal, Iran Rising: The Survival and Future of the Islamic Republic (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019), 3.