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e., having underage children in the household will result in more anxious and avoidant coping strategies) and (H2) higher education attainment ( i. Thus, systematic differences in educational attainment may explain differences in coping between lesbian and heterosexual women. There were 42 pairs (from the original study which had 370 pairs aged 40 or more) with a mean age of 63.
It was noticeable in the abstract and conclusions that mention was made of the differences in risk factors for breast cancer between lesbians and heterosexual women but not the similarity in breast cancer rates. Results were interpreted in light of methodological strengths and weaknesses identified in quality assessment. There is an assumption that if a certain risk factor is present, then acting on that risk factor, such as drinking less alcohol, will substantially alter the risk of breast cancer. The only realistic way to establish rates in LB women compared to heterosexual women would be to collect sexual orientation within routine statistics, including Cancer Registry data or from large cohort studies. Women with minor children and who were diagnosed before 45 years of age had higher scores on anxious preoccupation after adjusting for all other variables.
Frequently the predictive ability of models are not as good in the validation sample as the original sample, so adjustments are made and the model gradually improves. Age at diagnosis may serve as a proxy for life course milestones relevant to long-term psychosocial outcomes for cancer survivors.
Lesbians and bisexual (LB) women have behavioural risk-factors at higher rates compared to heterosexuals such as increased alcohol intake and higher stress levels. Beatrice enjoys drinking steaming hot coffee while crafting hotter stories about sexy women changing in unspeakably sexy ways and doing un-mentionably erotic things with other smoking hot women. The UK Parliamentary Enquiry and USA Institute of Medicine state that lesbians may be at a higher risk of breast cancer but there is insufficient information.
A considerable limitation is the lack of good quality information on breast cancer incidence and prevalence and known breast cancer risk factors in LB women. Of these factors, stage and treatment types were also significantly correlated with anxious preoccupation; however, stage and treatment were also highly correlated with each other. Risk of breast cancer mortality among women cohabiting with same sex partners: findings from the national health interview survey, 1997–2003. Heterosexual women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age are more likely to have parental responsibilities, which explains their higher level of anxiety-focused coping, whereas lesbian women in this situation are less likely to have children and thus have lower anxiety-focused coping.
Other ethnic, geographic and racial groups have been able to use the data gleaned from these statistics to develop programs to erode the health disparities they face. Unfortunately the numbers given for participants in the methods section does not match the explanation in the results section, which does not give confidence in the reliability of the results. Both parent studies recruited sexual minority and heterosexual breast cancer survivors and collected survey data through telephone. The one unpublished estimate was high at 8% [ 6], relative to an estimated UK 34-year prevalence of 1. A related, but distinct proposition is that differences in socioeconomic status (SES) may account for differences in coping between lesbian and heterosexual women.Four risk modelling studies, one population incidence model and six risk factor estimates came from the USA.
Recently the UK National Cancer Data Set was reviewed [ 32] but it is unclear as to whether sexual orientation will be included in the new dataset. In two of the modelling studies, the populations may have been either high risk of breast cancer because of family history or at higher risk because of sampling biases.heterosexual) were assessed using chi-square test of independence or analysis of variance, where appropriate. Thus, the differences in coping between lesbian and heterosexual women were more pronounced among women diagnosed with breast cancer at younger ages. Although limited in scope, these studies reported that lesbian-identified women engaged in more active and adaptive coping strategies, including less cognitive avoidance and less fatalism than did heterosexual women. hypothesized that sexual minorities may develop mastery of cognitive processes to deal with distress since the development of a sexual minority identity is typified by stress, emotional turmoil, and risk of social rejection.
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